"""
A multiline comment
Also useful to comment out several lines of codes
"""

# Variables
a = 2
# Multiple time same assignment
a = b = c = 3;
# Multiple assigments on one line thanks to destructuring
x, y = 5, 11
# Constant are usually written in capital letters,
# but nothing prevents a future re-assignment in Python
PI = 3.14

# Function definition
def add_numbers(a, b):
  return a + b

# Function calling
add_numbers(1, 2)
add_numbers(a=1, b=2)

# Lambda (anonymous) function
add_numbers = lambda a, b: a + b

/* A multiline comment
Also useful to comment out several lines of codes
*/

/* There are multiple ways to declare variables */
a = 2;     // Avoid it. Is the same as window.a = 2
var b = 3  // Avoid it and use let
let c = 4;
const d = 5;

// A normal function definition
function helloWorld() {
  console.log("Hello world!";
}
helloWorld(); // () calls the function

// An anonymous function
let add = function(x, y) {
  return x+ y;
} 

// Arrow functions
let add3 = (x, y) => { return x + y }
let add4 = (x, y) => x + y

print("Hello world!")  # "Hello World\n"

console.log("Hello world!");

# Single line comment

"""
multi-line
comments
"""

// Single line comment

/*
multi-line
comments
*/

a_bool = True  # Uppercase literal
a_number = 123
a_string = "abc"
a_list = [1, 2, 3]
a_tuple = (1, 2, 3) # Parenthesis are not strictly required, it's the comma that makes the tuple
a_set = {1, 2, 3}
a_dict = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3} # Access keys with indexers: a_dict["a"]
an_object = SomeClass() # Access keys with dot-access: an_object.a

const aBool = true; // Lowercase literal
const aNumber = 123;
const aString = 'abc';
const anArray = [1, 2, 3];
// Arrays are used as tuples in Javascript
const aSet = new Set([1, 2, 3]);
// Javascript does not differentiate between a dictionary and an object
const anObject = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3}; // Access keys with dot-access: anObject.a

>>> type (100)
<class 'int'>
>>> type (100.2)
<class 'float'>

>>> int('100')
100
>>> int('-10')
-10
>>> int('5.5')
5

let number = 100;
let anotherNumber = 100.2;
let bigInt = 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890n;  // ends with n
let sameBigInt = BigInt("1234567890123456789012345678901234567890");

parseInt('5.5')  // Output: 5

>>> x = (1, 2, "some text")
>>> print(x[1])
2

y = (10,) # A tuple of one element, comma required

# Creating
a1 = list()          # Empty list
a2 = list((1, 2))    # List of two elements
a3 = []              # Empty list
a4 = [1, 2, 3]       # List of 3 elements
a5 = [1, 2, "b"]     # Any data type is possible

# Accessing
a4[1]         # Output: 2
a4[0] = 5;    # Change from 1 to 5
a4[20] = 99;  # ERROR: assignment out of range

# Length
len(a4)   # Output: 3

# Adding
fruits = ["Apple", "Banana"]
fruits.append("Kiwi")  # Adds Kiwi to list 

# Removing
fruits.remove("Kiwi")   # Removes Kiwi from list
fruit1 = fruits.pop()   # Removes last element from the list and returns it
fruit2 = fruits.pop(1)  # Removes second element from the list and returns it

# Inserting
fruits.insert(1, "Orange")  # Insert the value "Orange" as the second element of the fruit list

# Slicing

fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Lemon", "Apple", "Mango"]
fruits[1:3]  # ["Orange", "Lemon"]

# Slicing in Python is very flexible. If we want to select the first n elements of a list
# or the last n elements in a list, we could use the following code:
# fruits[:n]
# fruits[-n:]

fruits[:3]   # ["Banana", "Orange", "Lemon"]
fruits[-2:]  # ["Apple", "Mango"]

# We can also do all but n last elements of a list:
# fruits[:-n]
fruits[:-1]  # ["Banana", "Orange", "Lemon", "Apple"]

# Sorting
fruits.sort()                 # Sort the list
fruits.sort(reverse=True)     # Same in reverse order
sorted_fruits=sorted(fruits)  # Return a new sorted list

# Counting
fruits.count("Orange")  # 1

// Creating
let a1 = new Array();   // Empty array
let a2 = new Array(10); // Array of 10 elements
let a3 = [];            // Empty array
let a4 = [1, 2, 3];     // Array of 3 elements
let a5 = [1, 2, "b"];   // Any data type is possible

// Accessing
a4[1];         // Output: 2
a4[0] = 5;     // Change from 10 to 5
a4[20] = 99;   // OK, makes a new element at index 20

// Length
a4.length;     // Output: 3

// Adding
fruits = ["Apple", "Banana"];
fruits.push("Kiwi");   // Adds Kiwi to list 

// Removing
fruits.pop("Kiwi");    // Removes Kiwi from list
fruit = fruits.pop();  // Removes last element from the list and returns it

// Inserting
fruits.splice(1, 0, "Orange");  // Will insert the value "Orange" as the second element of the fruit list (deleting 0 items first)

// Slicing
const fruits= ["Banana", "Orange", "Lemon", "Apple", "Mango"];
fruits.slice(1, 3);  // Output: ["Orange", "Lemon"]

// Sorting
fruits.sort()  // Sort the list

# Empty dict
d = {}

# Creating a dict, two possibilies
user = { "name": "Hervé", "age": 46, "country": "France" }  # Mandatory quotes around keys
user_alt = dict(name = "Hervé", age = 46, country = "France")
user == user_alt   # Output: True

# Lenght
len(user)  # Output: 3

# Adding key
user["admin"] = True
user == user_alt   # Output: False

# Accessing key
user["name"]  # Output: Hervé

# Testing if key exists
"name" in user   # Output: True

# Accessing keys and items
user.keys()      # Output: dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'country', 'admin'])
user.values()    # Output: dict_values(['Hervé', 46, 'France', True])
user.items()     # Output: dict_items([('name', 'Hervé'), ('age', 46), ('country', 'France'), ('admin', True)])

# Looping through key, value
for k, v in user.items(): print(k, ':', v)
# Output: 
# name : Hervé
# age : 46
# country : France
# admin : True

# Deleting key
del user["country"]

// Empty object
let o1 = {};
let o2 = new Object();         // Same as above
let o3 = Object.create(null);  // Removes all the methods inherited from Object.prototype

// Initializing properties
let user = { name: "Hervé", age: 46, country: "France" };  // Property quotes optional

// Common multiline format
let user_alt = {  
  "name": "Hervé",
  "age": 46,
  "country": "France"
}

// Accessing key
user["name"]   // Output: Hervé

// Also with dotted notation
user.name      // Output: Hervé

// Testing if key exists
"name" in user  // Output: true

// Adding key
user["admin"] =  true;

// In Javascript, we can add method to objects
user.birthYear = function() {
  const date = new Date();
  return date.getFullYear() - this.age;
}
user.birthYear()  // Output: 1976

// Accessing keys, values and entries (i.e. array of key, values)
Object.keys(user)     // Output: Array(3) [ "name", "age", "country" ]
Object.values(user)   // Output: Array(3) [ "Hervé", 46, "France" ]
Object.entiers(user)  // Output : Array(3) [ (2) […], (2) […], (2) […] ]

// Looping over keys, values and entries
for (const key of Object.keys(user)) { console.log(key + ":" + user[key]) }
for (const value of Object.values(dict)) { console.log(value) }
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(dict)) { console.log(key + ":" + value) }

// Deleting key
delete user["country"]

9 == "9"  # Output: False

9 == "9"   // Output: true
9 === "9"  // Output: false

a = 2
f"My {a} cents"

const a = 2;
`My ${a} cents`

languages = ['Python', 'Javascript', 'PHP', 'Ruby', 'Basic']
for language in languages:
  print(language)

const languages = ['Python', 'Javascript', 'PHP', 'Ruby', 'Basic']
// Traditional C-like
for (let i = 0; i < languages.length; i++) {
  console.log(languages[i]);
}

// ES5 forEach
languages.forEach(function (item, index) {
  console.log(item);
});

// ES6 forEach with arrow function
languages.forEach(item => console.log(item));

// ES6 for-of
for (language of languages) {
  console.log(language);
}

if condition:
  # Code
elif condition2:
  # Code
else:
  # Code

# ternary operator:
true_val if condition else false_val

if (condition) {
  // Code
} else if (condition2) {
  // Code
} else {
  // Code
}

// ternary operator:
condition ? trueVal : falseVal;

lambda a: a * 2

a => a * 2

arr_slice = arr[start:end]
str_slice = str[start:end]

const arrSlice = arr.slice(start, end)
const strSlice = str.substring(start, end)

a, b, c = [1, 2, 3]
print(a,b,c)
# 1 2 3

a, *mid, b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(a, mid, b)
# 1 [2, 3, 4, 5] 6

status, data = getResult()

let a, b, rest;
[a, b] = [1, 2];
console.log(a, b);
// 1 2

[a, b, ...rest] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
console.log(rest);
// [3, 4, 5]
​
let [status, data] = getResult();

search(**parameters)

searchDb(...parameters);

values = ['A', 'B', 'C'];
for count, value in enumerate(values):
  print(count, value)

const array = ['A', 'B', 'C'];
for (const [count, value] of array.entries()) {
  console.log(count, value);
}